Mary, Pentecostal Teacher of the Church

17th century Icon of Pentecost (from the border of Russia and Finland)

Some icons of Pentecost show Mary the Mother of God in the centre, occupying the “Teacher’s Seat.” Mary was present at Pentecost; she is the ultimate exemplar of a Christian. With Jesus Christ ascended into Heaven, the Holy Spirit acts within people, and through the saints, Christ is manifest in the world. Mary is therefore shown in the “teacher’s seat” as the best example we have, and the person on earth who most resembled Jesus Christ (both physically, as His mother, and spiritually as His disciple).

By the 9th century the Church came to recognize Mary as the Stella Maris, the Star of the Sea, an image reminiscent of sailors who would chart their course by the stars. Mary points the way to Christ.

The presence of the Apostle Paul in the icon, even though at that time he had not yet converted on the road to Damascus, hints that this icon is more than a purely historical picture. Sometimes, the evangelists Luke and Mark are also shown, despite also not having been present in the upper chamber at Pentecost. The gathering, then, is a representation of the Church. The Apostles are shown as equals, with no individual among them taking the central seat of authority. They are seated in a semi-circle, representing a unity and harmony similar to that found in Icons of the Holy Trinity. As in icons of the Holy Trinity, a semi-circle, rather than a full circle, is used so that we as observers are drawn into the unity.

See a Pentecost sermon that includes the role of the Mother of God here, preached at St. Matthew’s, Sheffield (a Church of England parish).

Pentecost Greens

This celebration of Pentecost in Moscow shows the green vestments and the green branches decorating the church.

This celebration of Pentecost in Moscow shows the green vestments and the green branches decorating the church.

A woman, wearing a green headscarf, venerates the Pentecost icon adorned with greens and flowers.

A woman, wearing a green headscarf, venerates the Pentecost icon adorned with greens and flowers.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Pentecost is one of the Great Feasts and is second in rank only to PASCHA, the Easter/Resurrection Sunday. Orthodox churches are often decorated with greenery and flowers on this feast day, and the celebration is intentionally similar to the Jewish holiday of Shavuot, which celebrates the giving of the Mosaic Law.

In the Orthodox Tradition, the liturgical color used at Pentecost is green, and the clergy and faithful carry flowers and green branches in their hands during the services.

Green week (Зелёные Святки, also known as Семи́к – Semik) is an ancient Slavic fertility festival celebrated in early June and closely linked with the cult of the dead and the spring agricultural rites. It usually fell upon the Thursday of the Green Week (better known as Trinity Week in Russia and the Whitsuntide week in Great Britain).

The Rusalki were (water nymphs) believed to be at their most dangerous during the Green Week (Russian: русальная неделя), and were supposed to have left their watery depths in order to swing on branches of birch and willow trees at night. Peasant women sometimes hung offerings to appease them. A cross, a magic circle, incense, garlic, wormwood, a pin or poker and verbal charms were used to render the rusalki harmless. Swimming was strictly forbidden, lest mermaids would drag the swimmer down to the river floor.

On Semik, funeral services were held for those who had not received a proper burial. Peasants decorated the insides and outsides of their houses with birch branches, and they selected a birch tree to decorate with ribbons and beads. The birch was usually left in the forest, but was sometimes brought into the village. The birch (referred to as “semik”, just like the holiday itself) was seen as a symbol of vegetative power and stood as a focal point for girls’ singing and dancing. Vows of eternal friendship were made here. Like Kostroma during Maslenitsa (the “Butter Week” before Great Lent begins), this fertility symbol was destroyed at the end of the festivities. Usually, it was drowned “in order to provide the needed rainfall for the sprouting crops”.

There is a similar holiday celebrating Pentecost in Romania, called Rusalii. Also in Germanic tradition there is a similar tradition, for example, Pfingstbaumpflanzen in Germany.

For more about Eastern European folklore about Pentecost, see The Dancing Goddesses: Folklore, Archaeology, and the Origins of European Dance, by E. J. W. Barber on Google books.